Chamomile is one of the most ancient medicinal herbs known to mankind. It is a member of Asteraceae / Compositae family. The dried flowers of chamomile contain many terpenoids and flavonoids contributing to its medicinal properties. Chamomile preparations are commonly used for many human ailments such as hay fever, inflammation, muscle spasms, menstrual disorders, insomnia, ulcers, wounds, gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatic pain, and hemorrhoids. Many different preparations of chamomile have been developed, the most popular of which is in the form of herbal tea. Dry powder of chamomile flower is recommended and used by many people for traditionally established health problems. Medicinal ingredients are normally extracted from the dry flowers of chamomile. Chamomile tea is one of the world’s most popular herbal teas and about a million cups are consumed every day. Tea bags of chamomile are also available in the market, containing chamomile flower powder, either pure or blended with other popular medicinal herbs. Chamomile oil is a popular ingredient of aromatherapy and hair care. chamomile is widely used in cosmetic preparations and in soothing and softening effect on the skin.
Chamomile is a plant of temperate regions that grows in any type of soil and tolerates dry conditions. This plant is also resistant to salinity. Spring is the main season of chamomile. However, Chamomile is an annual plant and herb that tolerates winter cold well. Although chamomile is more or less resistant to water shortage, when the air is dry for a while and there is not enough rain, the plants should be irrigated. The flowers should be dried immediately after harvest. Delay in drying flowers causes discoloration and reduces the quality and quantity of their essential oils.
Chamomile is known and grown in many parts of Iran and there has been a rich tradition of its usage in the persian foods and drinks through the long history of Iran.